Construction, manufacturing, and maintenance sectors face the highest risks — especially where cutting, drilling, sanding, or demolition work occurs. But dust hazards also exist in less obvious places such as bakeries (flour dust) and schools or public buildings containing asbestos.
HSE data shows around 1.7 million workers suffer from work-related ill health, and roughly 12,000 people die every year from lung diseases linked to past dust exposure. Many of these conditions, including silicosis and asbestosis, are entirely preventable.
The most dangerous are respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and asbestos fibres. These fine particles can reach deep into the lungs, causing irreversible diseases such as COPD, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Even materials like engineered stone and concrete can contain up to 90% RCS.
Inspectors expect to see clear evidence of risk assessment and control — such as water suppression, local exhaust ventilation, appropriate RPE (respiratory protective equipment), and training records. They’ll also review whether your systems comply with COSHH, Asbestos Regulations, and CDM.
HSE applies the “Fee for Intervention” scheme — charging £184 per hour for all time spent dealing with a material breach. More serious failings can result in enforcement notices or prosecution, even if no one has yet been harmed.
Yes, if you have five or more employees, written risk assessments are legally required. Smaller employers must still carry out assessments and be able to explain their reasoning to inspectors, even if it isn’t written down.
Digital platforms make it easy to store and share risk assessments, track training, and demonstrate control measures. When HSE requests evidence, digital documentation can be provided instantly, often viewed more positively than paper for its accuracy and traceability.
